The
Wittelsbach family is an
European royal family and a
German dynasty from
Bavaria.
Members of the family served as
Dukes, Electors and Kings of Bavaria (1180–1918),
Counts Palatine of the Rhine (1214–1803 and 1816–1918),
Margraves of Brandenburg (1323–1373), Counts of
Holland,
Hainaut and
Zeeland (1345–1432),
Elector-Archbishops of Cologne (1583–1761),
Dukes of Jülich and
Berg (1614–1794/1806), Kings of
Sweden (1441–1448 and 1654–1720) and
Dukes of Bremen-Verden (1654–1719).
The family also provided two
Holy Roman Emperors (1328/1742), one
King of the Romans (1400), two
Anti-Kings of Bohemia (1619/1742), one
King of Hungary (1305), one King of
Denmark and
Norway (1440) and a
King of Greece (1832–1862).
The family's head, since 1996, is
Franz, Duke of Bavaria.
Berthold, Margrave in Bavaria (died 980), was the ancestor of
Otto I, Count of Scheyern (died 1072), whose 3rd son
Otto II, Count of Scheyern acquired the castle of Wittelsbach (near
Aichach). The Counts of Scheyern left Burg Scheyern ("Scheyern Castle", constructed in about 940) in 1119 for
Burg Wittelsbach ("Wittelsbach Castle").
Otto I's son
Eckhard I, Count of Scheyern was father to the
Count palatine of Bavaria
Otto IV (died 1156), whose son
Otto was invested with the Duchy of Bavaria in 1180 after the fall of
Henry the Lion. Duke Otto's son
Louis I, Duke of Bavaria acquired also the
Electorate of the Palatinate in 1214.
The
Wittelsbach family was the ruling dynasty of the
German territories of
Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the
Electorate of the Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was partly incorporated as
Rhine Palatinate into Bavaria, which was elevated to a kingdom by
Napoleon in 1806.
On Duke
Otto II's death in 1253, the Wittelsbach possessions were divided between his sons:
Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria, and
Louis II Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine. When Henry's branch died out in 1340 the duchy was reunited under Emperor Louis IV, a son of Duke Louis II.
The family provided two
Holy Roman Emperors:
Louis IV (1314–1347) and
Charles VII (1742–1745), both members of the Bavarian branch of the family, and one
German King with
Rupert of the Palatinate (1400–1410), a member of the Palatinate branch.
The House of Wittelsbach split into these two branches in 1329: Under the
Treaty of Pavia, Emperor Louis IV granted the Palatinate including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to his brother Duke
Rudolf's descendants,
Rudolf II,
Rupert I and
Rupert II. Rudolf I this way became the ancestor of the older (Palatinate) line of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which returned to power also in Bavaria in 1777 after the extinction of the younger (Bavarian) line, the descendants of Louis IV.
[edit] Bavarian branch
The Bavarian branch kept the duchy of Bavaria until its extinction in 1777.
The Wittelsbach Emperor
Louis IV acquired
Brandenburg,
Tyrol,
Holland and
Hainaut for his House but he had also released the
Upper Palatinate for the Palatinate branch of the
Wittelsbach in 1329. His sons succeeded him as Duke of Bavaria and Count of
Holland and
Hainaut. So for half a century, from 1323 until 1373, the younger branch of the dynasty also ruled
Brandenburg in the north-east of Germany. In the south
Tyrol was kept between 1342 and 1363. Between 1345 and 1432, they also governed in
Holland,
Zeeland and
Hainaut in the north-west of the former
German Empire. Tyrol was lost with the death of duke
Meinhard and the following Peace of Schärding when Tyrol was finally renounced to the
Habsburgs in 1369. In 1373
Otto, the last Wittelsbach regent of Brandenburg, released the country to the
House of Luxembourg. On Duke
Albert's death in 1404, he was succeeded in the Netherlands by his eldest son,
William. A younger son,
John III, became
Bishop of Liège. However, on William's death in 1417, a war of succession broke out between John and William's daughter
Jacqueline of Hainaut. This would be the last episode of the
Hook and Cod wars and finally place the counties into Burgundian hands in 1432.
Emperor Louis IV had reunited Bavaria in 1340 but from 1349 onwards Bavaria was split among the descendants of Louis IV, who created the branches
Bavaria-Landshut,
Bavaria-Straubing
Franz's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.
Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in
royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations.
- Otto I, Count of Scheyern, 1044–1072
- Eckhard I, Count of Scheyern, d. 1091
- Otto IV, Count of Wittelsbach, 1083–1156
- Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria, 1117–1183
- Louis I, Duke of Bavaria, 1173–1231
- Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria, 1206–1253
- Louis II, Duke of Bavaria, 1229–1294
- Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, 1274–1319
- Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1300–1327
- Rupert II, Elector Palatine, 1325–1398
- Rupert of Germany, 1352–1410
- Stefan, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken, 1385–1459
- Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1424–1489
- Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1462–1514
- Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1502–1532
- Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1526–1569
- Charles I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld, 1560–1600
- Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld, 1598–1654
- Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1637–1717
- Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1674–1735
- Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken, 1724–1767
- Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, 1756–1825
- Ludwig I of Bavaria, 1786–1868
- Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, 1821–1912
- Ludwig III of Bavaria, 1845–1921
- Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, 1869–1955
- Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, 1905–1996
- Franz, Duke of Bavaria, b. 1933
[edit] Bavarian branch
- Louis V, Margrave of Brandenburg, Duke of Bavaria and Count of Tyrol (1323–1361)
- Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Hainaut (1347–1404)
- Isabeau de Bavière (1371–1435), queen-consort of France
- Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland (1417–1432)
- Albert IV, duke of Bavaria (1465–1508)
- Albert V, duke of Bavaria (1550–1579)
- Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1597–1651)
- Maria Anna, Dauphine of France (1660–1690)
- Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1662–1726)
- Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria (1673–1731), Hereditary Princess of Tuscany and Governess of Siena,
- Clemens August of Bavaria (1700–1761)
- Maria Antonia of Bavaria (1724–1780)
[edit] Palatinate branch
- Frederick I, Elector Palatine (1451–1476)
- Frederick III, Elector Palatine (1559–1576)
- Frederick V, Elector Palatine (1610–1623)
- Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (1648–1680)
- Prince Rupert of the Rhine (1619–1682)
- Sophia of the Palatine (1630–1714), Heiress of Great Britain
- Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine (1652–1722)
- Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (1690–1718)
- King Ludwig I of Bavaria (1825–1848)
- Princess Sophie of Bavaria (1805–1872), Archduchess of Austria
- Elisabeth in Bavaria (1837–1898) ("Sisi"), Empress of Austria
- Ludwig II of Bavaria (1864–1886)
- Marie Sophie (1841–1925), last queen of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- Elizabeth of Bavaria (1876–1965), queen-consort of Albert I of Belgium
- Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein, b. 1967
Several other women in the family are known as
Elisabeth of Bavaria.
Los esmaltes de uñas son cosméticos que poseen como objetivo pintar las uñas de nuestros dedos, ya sean las de las manos o las de los piel, mediante una laca coloreada.
En esta temporada invernal, lo bueno para tu piel es una mascarilla casera humectante. Confía en esta receta que tiene pulpa de durazno, miel y aceite de almendras, todos humectantes naturales que te darán una piel suave y preciosa.
El tomate es, efectivamente, fuente interminable de antioxidantes y de vitaminas A y C, un alimento que nunca hay que cesar de lado en nuestra dieta y que se consigue convertir en un tratamiento de belleza electivo a la hora de intentar ahorrar en productos de belleza.
Las algas son un ingrediente necesario en todo producto anticelulítico que se valúe, debido a que aceleran el proceso de depuración de la toxina y logran la movilización de los depósitos de grasa acumulados.